Canine Metritis

What Is Canine Metritis?

Canine metritis is a bacterial infection of the uterus, usually developing after whelping. It can occur when remnants of the placenta remain in the uterus, or when bacteria enter through the birth canal during or after delivery.

Metritis is a serious condition. Without treatment, it can lead to sepsis, infertility, or even death. Breeders must act fast to protect both the dam and any surviving puppies.

What Causes Metritis in Dogs?

Metritis often follows:

Retained placenta or foetal tissue
Difficult or prolonged labour (dystocia)
Unsanitary whelping conditions
Infection introduced during assisted delivery or artificial insemination

Bacteria like E. coli, Streptococcus, or Staphylococcus thrive in the uterus when conditions allow. Inflammation quickly spreads, affecting the uterus and bloodstream.

Symptoms of Canine Metritis

Watch for these signs in the first week after whelping:

Foul-smelling or bloody vaginal discharge
Fever
Lethargy or disinterest in puppies
Loss of appetite
Dehydration
Vomiting or diarrhoea
Enlarged, painful abdomen
Neglecting pups or refusing to nurse

These symptoms can appear suddenly. If you suspect metritis, contact a vet immediately.

How Is Metritis Diagnosed?

Vets use a combination of:

Physical examination
Ultrasound to check for retained tissue
Bloodwork to detect infection or systemic illness
Vaginal cytology or culture to identify bacteria

Prompt diagnosis helps save the dam and prevent loss of milk supply or further complications.

Canine Metritis Treatment Options

Treatment depends on severity:

Antibiotics – Broad-spectrum antibiotics combat infection.
Uterine drainage or lavage – To remove infected material.
Oxytocin or prostaglandins – May be used to expel retained tissue.
Intravenous fluids and supportive care – To treat dehydration and stabilise the dam.
Surgery (spay) – May be required in severe or non-responsive cases.

Puppies may need to be hand-raised while the dam recovers.

How Breeders Can Prevent Canine Metritis

Maintain hygienic whelping conditions
Use clean hands and tools when assisting
Ensure complete expulsion of placentas
Limit interventions unless medically necessary
Watch for early signs in the days after birth
Feed the dam a balanced, nutrient-dense diet

Impact of Canine Metritis on Future Breeding

Dogs that recover from mild metritis may breed again. However, future fertility can be reduced, especially if damage to the uterine lining occurred.

After recovery:

Schedule a reproductive health check
Monitor the next cycle closely
Consider retiring the dam if infection recurs or complications develop

Join RPBA and Breed with Confidence

Canine metritis is a preventable but dangerous postpartum complication. Quick action, clean whelping practices, and ongoing care help protect your breeding females and their litters. Interested in more support? RPBA members get the tools, templates, and community support to handle emergencies with confidence and care. Join today and be part of Australia’s most supportive breeder community.

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Frequently Asked Questions About Canine Metritis

When does canine metritis usually occur?

Typically within 3–7 days after giving birth.

Can a dog die from metritis?

Yes. If left untreated, metritis can lead to sepsis, organ failure, and death.

Is the infection contagious?

No. Metritis is not contagious to other dogs, but hygiene should still be maintained in shared spaces.

Can puppies still nurse if the mother has metritis?

Sometimes, but if the dam is too unwell or receiving medications that pass through milk, bottle feeding may be safer.

Should I spay a dog who’s had metritis?

If the infection was severe or recurs, spaying is often the safest long-term option.

Can metritis be mistaken for normal postpartum discharge?

Yes. Some discharge is expected after birth, but metritis discharge smells foul and may be thick, green, or bloody. Always check with a vet if unsure.