Pyometra in Cats
What Is Pyometra in Cats?
Pyometra in cats is a serious uterine infection that often develops after a heat cycle. Hormonal changes cause the uterine lining to thicken, creating the perfect environment for bacterial growth. If untreated, pyometra can lead to sepsis, organ failure, and death.
There are two main types:
- Open pyometra – Pus drains through the vulva.
- Closed pyometra – The uterus traps infection, making it harder to detect and more dangerous.
Responsible breeders must know the signs, understand the risks, and take action early.
Signs of Pyometra in Cats
Catching pyometra early can save a cat’s life. Look for:
- Swollen abdomen
- Lethargy or hiding
- Vomiting or diarrhoea
- Vaginal discharge (in open pyometra)
- Loss of appetite
- Frequent drinking or urination
- Fever
If you notice these signs, get veterinary help straight away.
What Causes Pyometra?
Hormones, specifically progesterone, cause the uterine lining to thicken after each heat cycle. If no pregnancy occurs, this thickened lining becomes prone to bacterial infection. Cats who’ve had repeated heat cycles and remain unspayed are at the greatest risk. Some breeding cats may also be more susceptible due to age or uterine health.
Pyometra Diagnosis and Treatment
Veterinarians usually diagnose pyometra with:
- Physical exam
- Ultrasound
- Blood tests
Treatment depends on severity:
- Surgery (ovariohysterectomy) – The most effective treatment. This removes the infected uterus and ovaries.
- Medical management – Antibiotics and hormone therapy can be used in specific breeding cases, but recurrence is common.
Prompt surgery offers the best chance of survival.
How Breeders Can Prevent Pyometra in Cats
Prevention should be a priority for all responsible cat breeders. Here’s what helps:
- Track heat cycles closely and avoid excessive non-pregnant heats.
- Retire breeding females after a safe number of litters.
- Avoid hormone injections unless medically necessary.
- Spay retired or unfit queens to remove risk entirely.
- Monitor for changes in behaviour or health after every season.
Join RPBA and Breed with Confidence
Pyometra in cats is preventable with careful breeding and prompt action. By learning the signs and prioritising your queens’ health, you protect your cats, your litters, and your breeding reputation. Interested in more support? Learn how RPBA membership helps responsible breeders like you.
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Frequently Asked Questions About Pyometra in Cats
What age do cats usually get pyometra?
Most cases occur in middle-aged to older unspayed females, though young cats can also be affected after a few heat cycles.
Can pyometra go away on its own?
No. It is a life-threatening emergency and needs veterinary care. Waiting can result in death.
Is there a cure without surgery?
Some cases may be managed with medication, but success is limited and recurrence is likely. Surgery is the most reliable solution.
Can cats get pyometra after mating?
Yes. Bacteria introduced during mating can trigger pyometra, especially if the queen’s uterus is already at risk.
Can spayed cats get pyometra?
Extremely rare. A complete spay removes the uterus and ovaries, preventing the condition.
Does pyometra always show symptoms?
No. Closed pyometra may not show visible discharge, which makes it harder to detect. Breeders must watch for subtle changes in energy, appetite, and body condition.
Is pyometra in cats contagious?
No. It’s not contagious between cats, but poor hygiene during breeding or after mating may increase the risk.
